What is an index annuity?

Indexed annuities are complex financial products that combine features of both fixed and variable annuities. Several key elements define how indexed annuities work:

1. Indexing Method:

   • Choice of Index: An indexed annuity allows the annuity holder to link the interest crediting to the performance of a specific financial index, such as the S&P 500 or the Nasdaq. The choice of index can impact the potential interest credited to the annuity.

   • Indexing Method: The method used to calculate the interest based on the index’s performance. Common methods include point-to-point, monthly averaging, and annual reset.

2. Participation Rate:

   • Participation Rate: This is the percentage of the index’s return that the annuity will be credited. If the index has a gain, the participation rate determines how much of that gain is applied to the annuity’s value.

3. Caps and Floors:

   • Cap Rate: Some indexed annuities have a cap rate, which sets a maximum limit on the interest that can be credited, even if the linked index performs exceptionally well.

   • Floor Rate: Conversely, there might be a floor rate that ensures a minimum level of interest, even if the index performs poorly.

4. Spread or Margin:

   • Spread or Margin: Some indexed annuities use a spread or margin to calculate interest. This is a fixed percentage deducted from the index’s return before crediting interest to the annuity.

5. Crediting Methods:

   • Annual Reset: Interest is credited annually based on the performance of the index from the beginning to the end of the year.

   • Point-to-Point: Interest is credited based on the difference in the index value from a starting point to an ending point.

   • Monthly Averaging: Interest is calculated by averaging the monthly values of the index.

6. Surrender Period and Charges:

   • Surrender Period: An indexed annuity often comes with a surrender period during which withdrawals may be subject to charges. The surrender period can vary in length, typically ranging from 5 to 10 years.

   • Surrender Charges: Fees imposed if the annuity holder makes withdrawals exceeding the allowed free withdrawal amount during the surrender period.

7. Guaranteed Minimum Interest Rate:

   • Floor Guarantee: Most indexed annuities guarantee a minimum interest rate, ensuring that the annuity holder will receive at least a specified amount of interest, even if the index performs poorly.

8. Issue Age and Payout Options:

   • Issue Age: The age at which an individual can purchase an indexed annuity.

   • Payout Options: Upon annuitization (conversion of the annuity into a stream of income), the annuity holder can choose from various payout options, such as a life annuity or period certain annuity.

It’s important for individuals considering indexed annuities to thoroughly understand these elements, as they significantly impact how the annuity performs, the potential returns, and any associated fees or restrictions.